bacteriostatic
arresting the growth or multiplication of bacteria; also, an agent with this effect

bioavailability
the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systematic circulation following administration by any route

blephartis
inflammation of the glands and lash follicles along the margin of the eyelids characterized by swelling, redness, and crusts of dried mucus on the lids

conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids and covering the eyeball

contraindications
any symptom or circumstance that makes treatment with a drug or device unsafe or inappropriate

cross-sensitivity
a sensitivity to one substance that predisposes an individual to sensitivity to other substances that are related in chemical structure

dandruff
an excessive amount of scaly material composed of dead, keratinized epithelium shed from the scalp; may be a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis

Demodex folliculorum
a common skin mite found in facial follicles, particularly those around the nose and face

edema
swelling; an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues

erythema
redness of the skin caused by increased superficial blood flow; blanches white when pressure is applied

granuloma
term applied to nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, and containing compactly grouped modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages

helicobacter pylori
a bacterium which can cause chronic inflammation of the inner stomach lining

hypersensitivity
overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless substance, also known as an allergic reaction

hydro-solubilizing agents
a substance capable of being dissolved in water

iritis
inflammation of the iris (circular, colored part of the eye)

keratitis
inflammation of the cornea (transparent anterior covering of the eye)

malar
pertaining to the cheek or cheek bone

mechanism of action
how a pharmaceutical agent functions in various body systems

nodules
A small node in the skin, up to 1.0 cm in diameter, solid, with palpable

noncomedogenic
won't provoke comedones (non-inflammatory acne lesions)

nosology
the science of classifying diseases

ocular rosacea
rosacea that involves the eyelids, area around the eyes, and the eyes themselves papules small, elevated lesions, less than 0.5 cm in diameter

pathogenesis
the development of disease

pathogenic
causing disease or abnormality

pruritus
itching; a common symptom of many skin diseases; may be a consequence of the inflammatory response

purpura
reddish/purple discoloration caused by leakage of blood from blood vessels into the tissue; does not blanch when pressure is applied

pustules
a circumscribed lesion containing leukocytes and pus

rhinophyma
a manifestation of severe rosacea involving the lower half of the nose and sometimes spreading to adjacent cheek areas; usually seen in adult males and characterized by thickened, lobulated overgrowth of sebaceous glands and epithelial connective tissue

rosacea
a non-contagious skin disorder that usually begins as a redness, like a blush, appearing on the face - most often on the cheeks, nose, chin, or forehead. At first, the redness may come and go, but over time, it can become more persistent, and visible blood vessels may appear. If it is left untreated, bumps and pimples may develop.

sebaceous glands
glands that produce the oily substance sebum

seborrheic dermatitits
an inflammatory condition, usually of the skin on the scalp, characterized by dry or moist greasy scales and yellowish crusts; a mild case in the scalp is called dandruff

sensitization
a process in which a person becomes sensitized to a particular substance upon repeated exposure

surfactants
also know as surface-active agents; used to modify the surface properties of a topical drug; can reduce surface tension and enhance the penetration of the topical drug into the skin

systemic bioavailability
the degree and rate at which a drug is absorbed by the body and made available at the site of physiological activity

telangiectasia
birthmark-type lesion caused by dilation of a group of small blood vessels

topical
pertaining to a drug or treatment applied to the surface of a part of the body